Who cannot travel? - Restrictions to travel
Author: Rebecca Glenn
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Key Words: Citizenship, Globalisation, restrictions, Mobility, Human rights.
Abstract
How citizenship can have the right to travel and move and over the years and the development of globalisation however restrictions have come into place to restrict traveling and decrease the amount of people moving around the world.
Citizenship can be seen as a broad term at times but an easy way to describe it is that it refers to the membership of someone and how they participate within their community and with that holds responsibility within that community and can act to protect the process of political and socials rights of one.
Globalisation debates on the fact on who does and who does not have the power to travel freely between borders. Globalisation has opened possibilities for tourism mobility because of citizenship and the policy of human rights, but there can also be restrictions to what a globalised world can be because to most countries today borders do still matter. These things are attributes to which are restricting traveling and crossing borders, such as world poverty, biosecurity (swine Flu, Foot and Mouth), (Coles and Hall, 2011).
Universal Declaration of Human Rights introduced the right to travel in 1948 which stated meant that any human being had the right to move or travel to any country. A problem that occurred with this is that in Israel on two years later debated that citizens within this country were not allowed to leave the country and did not have the right too. This then restricted these citizens of the freedom to travel. Even though this right had been put into place not everyone knows that they have the right to travel.
Citizenship can be linked in with the way people are mobile. Mobility for people in their own country can be seen easy but when it comes to crossing borders it can become very difficult. One of the main documentations which identifies the citizenship of a person and can create and is great for mobility is the passport. If a person holds one of these they are able to travel across borders and show there citizen status. It is seen to be a simple way to cross borders but there can be difficulties. The relationship between passports and the right to travel are creating problems for citizens to travel. The right to travel or to move is suggesting that any human can travel or are able to move anywhere they would like too but passports are restricting this for the fact of border controls are put into place at borders and the difficulties of with getting or with holding a passport (O'Byrne 2001).
Visas are another documentation and reason on how travelling and mobility has become restricted. Visas are put in place by countries to control the crossing of their borders. Almost every country now requires visas from non-citizens who are wishing to leave or enter the country but visas do not always guarantee entry to a country. They are only there to which indicates both documentation; the passport and visa application. These need two documents need to be viewed by an embassy officer and that officer is the one which determines a person's entry and if the person is eligible and for the right purposes (Henlyglobal, 2013).
In the case of being an European Union (EU) citizen is when a person who holds a nationality of an EU country. Citizens automatically become an EU citizen. This provides each citizen to have rights, one of the main rights links in the mobility of a person is that citizens have the right to move freely around the European Union and be able live within a country of the EU. This is seen as a high advantages with all EU citizens as the EU consists of 27 member states which include, UK, Spain, France and Germany; some of the main countries that tourists travel there and back too. Over the years and from past events the EU has become stricter in the sense of internal checks within border control to ethnic minority groups whether they are EU citizens or not. The EU has always been known for their border controls and the restrictions they have put into place since the 80s (Bianchi, 2009).
References
Bianchi, R. (2009) 'Tourism and citizenship: a critical reflection on rights, freedoms and privileges in a mobile world' Paper to Conference, International Studies Association
Coles, T and Hall, C. M (2011) rights and regulation of travel and mobility. Journal of policy research in tourism, leisure and events. 3, 3, 209-223.
O'Byrne, D. (2001) On Passports and Border Control. Annals of Tourism Research. 28 (2), p399-416.
Abstract
How citizenship can have the right to travel and move and over the years and the development of globalisation however restrictions have come into place to restrict traveling and decrease the amount of people moving around the world.
Citizenship can be seen as a broad term at times but an easy way to describe it is that it refers to the membership of someone and how they participate within their community and with that holds responsibility within that community and can act to protect the process of political and socials rights of one.
Globalisation debates on the fact on who does and who does not have the power to travel freely between borders. Globalisation has opened possibilities for tourism mobility because of citizenship and the policy of human rights, but there can also be restrictions to what a globalised world can be because to most countries today borders do still matter. These things are attributes to which are restricting traveling and crossing borders, such as world poverty, biosecurity (swine Flu, Foot and Mouth), (Coles and Hall, 2011).
Universal Declaration of Human Rights introduced the right to travel in 1948 which stated meant that any human being had the right to move or travel to any country. A problem that occurred with this is that in Israel on two years later debated that citizens within this country were not allowed to leave the country and did not have the right too. This then restricted these citizens of the freedom to travel. Even though this right had been put into place not everyone knows that they have the right to travel.
Citizenship can be linked in with the way people are mobile. Mobility for people in their own country can be seen easy but when it comes to crossing borders it can become very difficult. One of the main documentations which identifies the citizenship of a person and can create and is great for mobility is the passport. If a person holds one of these they are able to travel across borders and show there citizen status. It is seen to be a simple way to cross borders but there can be difficulties. The relationship between passports and the right to travel are creating problems for citizens to travel. The right to travel or to move is suggesting that any human can travel or are able to move anywhere they would like too but passports are restricting this for the fact of border controls are put into place at borders and the difficulties of with getting or with holding a passport (O'Byrne 2001).
Visas are another documentation and reason on how travelling and mobility has become restricted. Visas are put in place by countries to control the crossing of their borders. Almost every country now requires visas from non-citizens who are wishing to leave or enter the country but visas do not always guarantee entry to a country. They are only there to which indicates both documentation; the passport and visa application. These need two documents need to be viewed by an embassy officer and that officer is the one which determines a person's entry and if the person is eligible and for the right purposes (Henlyglobal, 2013).
In the case of being an European Union (EU) citizen is when a person who holds a nationality of an EU country. Citizens automatically become an EU citizen. This provides each citizen to have rights, one of the main rights links in the mobility of a person is that citizens have the right to move freely around the European Union and be able live within a country of the EU. This is seen as a high advantages with all EU citizens as the EU consists of 27 member states which include, UK, Spain, France and Germany; some of the main countries that tourists travel there and back too. Over the years and from past events the EU has become stricter in the sense of internal checks within border control to ethnic minority groups whether they are EU citizens or not. The EU has always been known for their border controls and the restrictions they have put into place since the 80s (Bianchi, 2009).
References
Bianchi, R. (2009) 'Tourism and citizenship: a critical reflection on rights, freedoms and privileges in a mobile world' Paper to Conference, International Studies Association
Coles, T and Hall, C. M (2011) rights and regulation of travel and mobility. Journal of policy research in tourism, leisure and events. 3, 3, 209-223.
O'Byrne, D. (2001) On Passports and Border Control. Annals of Tourism Research. 28 (2), p399-416.